Fuel and energy purchases comprise:
| (in millions of euros) | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Fuel purchases used – power generation (1) | Fuel purchases used – power generation (1)2022 (34,509) |
Fuel purchases used – power generation (1)2021 (14,973) |
| Energy purchases (1) | Energy purchases (1)2022 (81,943) |
Energy purchases (1)2021 (21,417) |
| Transmission and delivery expenses | Transmission and delivery expenses 2022 (6,142) |
Transmission and delivery expenses 2021 (8,088) |
| Gain/loss on hedge accounting | Gain/loss on hedge accounting 2022 (6) |
Gain/loss on hedge accounting 2021 (10) |
| (Increase)/decrease in provisions related to nuclear fuels and energy purchases | (Increase)/decrease in provisions related to nuclear fuels and energy purchases 2022 1,590 |
(Increase)/decrease in provisions related to nuclear fuels and energy purchases 2021 189 |
| FUEL AND ENERGY PURCHASES | FUEL AND ENERGY PURCHASES 2022 (121,010) |
FUEL AND ENERGY PURCHASES 2021 (44,299) |
(1) Fuel purchases used and Energy purchases include respectively €2,927 million and €41,458 million for optimisation operations on the wholesale gas and electricity markets in 2022 (€864 million and €4,167 million in 2021). In 2022 the principal operating segments with net long positions in euros on the markets are France – Generation and supply (electricity), United Kingdom (gas and electricity), Other international (Luminus – gas and electricity) and Dalkia (gas). In 2021, the same segments were concerned.
Fuel purchases used include costs relating to raw materials for energy generation (principally nuclear fuels and fissile materials, gas, and a non-significant proportion of coal and oil), purchases of services related to the nuclear fuel cycle, and costs associated with environmental schemes (mainly greenhouse gas emission rights and renewable energy certificates).
After elimination of foreign exchange effects and changes in the scope of consolidation, the Group’s fuel and energy purchases were up by €76.6 billion from 2021, principally in the France-Generation and Supply segment (€42.2 billion, essentially electricity purchases), Italy (€17.7 billion, essentially gas purchases included in “Fuel purchases used - power generation”), the Other activities segment (€9.8 billion, mainly in the gas activities), and the United Kingdom (€5 billion, essentially electricity purchases). In France, this increase is principally explained by high-price market, purchases, a variation of around €30 billion made necessary by the lower level of nuclear power output (-81.7TWh, particularly due to the stress corrosion phenomenon); it also includes purchases made for the purpose of the specific additional ARENH scheme (€5 billion in 2022, see note 5.1.1).
The value of energy purchases made under the purchase obligation system in France (included in the “Energy purchases” line) was down slightly, due to a volume effect of -8%.
Personnel expenses comprise:
| (in millions of euros) | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| Wages and salaries | Wages and salaries 2022 (10,254) |
Wages and salaries 2021 (9,351) |
| Social contributions | Social contributions 2022 (2,208) |
Social contributions 2021 (2,059) |
| Employee profit sharing | Employee profit sharing 2022 (333) |
Employee profit sharing 2021 (319) |
| Other contributions related to personnel | Other contributions related to personnel 2022 (352) |
Other contributions related to personnel 2021 (350) |
| Other expenses linked to short-term benefits | Other expenses linked to short-term benefits 2022 (226) |
Other expenses linked to short-term benefits 2021 (219) |
| Short-term benefits | Short-term benefits 2022 (13,373) |
Short-term benefits 2021 (12,298) |
| Expenses under defined-contribution plans | Expenses under defined-contribution plans 2022 (1,096) |
Expenses under defined-contribution plans 2021 (1,029) |
| Expenses under defined-benefit plans | Expenses under defined-benefit plans 2022 (855) |
Expenses under defined-benefit plans 2021 (1,003) |
| Post-employment benefits | Post-employment benefits 2022 (1,951) |
Post-employment benefits 2021 (2,032) |
| Other long-term benefits | Other long-term benefits 2022 121 |
Other long-term benefits 2021 (132) |
| Termination payments | Termination payments 2022 (33) |
Termination payments 2021 (32) |
| Other personnel expenses | Other personnel expenses 2022 88 |
Other personnel expenses 2021 (164) |
| PERSONNEL EXPENSES | PERSONNEL EXPENSES 2022 (15,236) |
PERSONNEL EXPENSES 2021 (14,494) |
Excluding foreign exchange effects and changes in the scope of consolidation, personnel expenses increased by +4.2% from 2021.
The increase in wages and salaries relates to the effects of inflation-related pay measures introduced in the Group’s various entities in 2022.
Personnel expenses under defined-benefit pension plans decreased following the pension plan reform at EDF Energy (see note 16).
Personnel expenses for other long-term benefits include the favourable effect of the higher discount rate applied in France (see note 16.1.3).
