Universal Registration Document 2022

Climate-related litigation

Risk of cancellation of licences, risk of litigation following exceptional climatic events, risk of litigation related to the EDF group publications, particularly as regards the duty of vigilance.

Tension over uses of water

Risk involved in the sharing of water resources due to multiple uses and multiple stakeholders in a context of increasing water scarcity.

Tension over access to land and use of soils

Risk involved in the necessary land resources for renewable energy due to regulation (biodiversity, agricultural lands) and the legitimacy of sharing with numerous stakeholders.

Political difficulties to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement

Opportunity: as a low-carbon leader*, the EDF group is called on to play a key role in decarbonisation of the European economy.

Change in customer expectations

Opportunity: increased demands of own consumption, energy efficiency, electric mobility, green deals and low carbon.

Change in uses of electricity

Opportunity: decarbonised electricity is recognised as an indispensable means to decarbonise the economy.

Stability and security of electricity networks

Risk/Opportunity: risk of instability to the system in case of a high penetration rate of renewable energies; key role of nuclear energy usable together with renewable energies to ensure stability of the network.

Transition technologies

Risk/Opportunity: potential emergence of technologies such as CCSU, thermal solar, small modular reactors, storage or in the area of negative emissions.

Access to competitive financing

Risk/Opportunity: risk of non-alignment of investors with the 1.5°C criteria. Opportunity to provide the EDF group with sustainable financing (Green Bonds, positive incentive loans).

Stranded assets

Risk of stranded thermal assets after regulatory changes or carbon price increases.