Other external expenses comprise:
| (in millions of euros) | 2019 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|
| External services | External services 2019 (13,120) | External services 2018 (13,089) |
| Other purchases (excluding external services, fuel and energy) | Other purchases (excluding external services, fuel and energy) 2019 (3,598) | Other purchases (excluding external services, fuel and energy) 2018 (3,494) |
| Change in inventories and capitalised production | Change in inventories and capitalised production 2019 7,932 | Change in inventories and capitalised production 2018 7,139 |
| (Increase)/decrease in provisions on other external expenses | (Increase)/decrease in provisions on other external expenses 2019 167 | (Increase)/decrease in provisions on other external expenses 2018 182 |
| OTHER EXTERNAL EXPENSES | OTHER EXTERNAL EXPENSES 2019 (8,619) | OTHER EXTERNAL EXPENSES 2018 (9,262) |
*Restated for the impacts of IFRS 5 concerning the discontinued E&P operations (see note 2.3).
After elimination of changes in foreign exchange rates, the scope of consolidation and the standards applied (IFRS 16), other external expenses decreased by 1.2% compared to 2018.
Personnel expenses comprise:
| (in millions of euros) | 2019 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|
| Wages and salaries | Wages and salaries 2019 (8,911) | Wages and salaries 2018 (8,736) |
| Social contributions | Social contributions 2019 (1,951) | Social contributions 2018 (1,957) |
| Employee profit sharing | Employee profit sharing 2019 (277) | Employee profit sharing 2018 (278) |
| Other contributions related to personnel | Other contributions related to personnel 2019 (360) | Other contributions related to personnel 2018 (388) |
| Other expenses linked to short-term benefits | Other expenses linked to short-term benefits 2019 (250) | Other expenses linked to short-term benefits 2018 (231) |
| Short-term benefits | Short-term benefits 2019 (11,749) | Short-term benefits 2018 (11,590) |
| Expenses under defined-contribution plans | Expenses under defined-contribution plans 2019 (988) | Expenses under defined-contribution plans 2018 (1,033) |
| Expenses under defined-benefit plans | Expenses under defined-benefit plans 2019 (801) | Expenses under defined-benefit plans 2018 (1,017) |
| Post-employment benefits | Post-employment benefits 2019 (1,789) | Post-employment benefits 2018 (2,050) |
| Other long-term expenses | Other long-term expenses 2019 (222) | Other long-term expenses 2018 - |
| Termination payments | Termination payments 2019 (33) | Termination payments 2018 (2) |
| Other personnel expenses | Other personnel expenses 2019 (255) | Other personnel expenses 2018 (2) |
| PERSONNEL EXPENSES | PERSONNEL EXPENSES 2019 (13,793) | PERSONNEL EXPENSES 2018 (13,642) |
*Restated for the impacts of IFRS 5 concerning the discontinued E&P operations (see note 2.3).
Excluding foreign exchange effects and changes in the scope of consolidation, personnel expenses increased by 0.6% from 2018, mainly in the Other activities, EDF Renewables and Dalkia.
| 2019 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|
| IEG status | IEG status 2019 96,818 | IEG status 2018 98,358 |
| Other | Other 2019 64,704 | Other 2018 63,850 |
| AVERAGE WORKFORCE | AVERAGE WORKFORCE 2019 161,522 | AVERAGE WORKFORCE 2018 162,208 |
Average workforce numbers for the controlled entities and joint operations are reported on a full-time equivalent basis.
A more detailed presentation of workforce categories can be found in the “Environmental and Societal Information – Human Resources” section of the Universal Registration Document (formerly Reference Document) in section 3.4.1, “Indicators”.
