5. The Group’s financial performance and outlook

5.1.5.1.1 Net cash flow from operating activities
(in millions of euros)20192018VariationVariation
Income before taxes of consolidated companiesIncome before taxes of consolidated companies20195,983Income before taxes of consolidated companies2018473Income before taxes of consolidated companiesVariation5,510Income before taxes of consolidated companiesVariationn.a.
Income before taxes of continuing operationsIncome before taxes of continuing operations2019(416)Income before taxes of continuing operations2018(183)Income before taxes of continuing operationsVariation(233)Income before taxes of continuing operationsVariationn.a.
Income before taxes of consolidated companiesIncome before taxes of consolidated companies20196,399Income before taxes of consolidated companies2018656Income before taxes of consolidated companiesVariation5,743Income before taxes of consolidated companiesVariationn.a

.

(Impairment)/reversals

(Impairment)/reversals

2019

403

(Impairment)/reversals

2018

290

(Impairment)/reversals

Variation

113

(Impairment)/reversals

Variation

+39.0

Accumulated depreciation and amortisation, provisions and changes in fair value

Accumulated depreciation and amortisation, provisions and changes in fair value

2019

8,328

Accumulated depreciation and amortisation, provisions and changes in fair value

2018

12,957

Accumulated depreciation and amortisation, provisions and changes in fair value

Variation

(4,629)

Accumulated depreciation and amortisation, provisions and changes in fair value

Variation

-35.7

Financial income and expenses

Financial income and expenses

2019

97

Financial income and expenses

2018

718

Financial income and expenses

Variation

(621)

Financial income and expenses

Variation

-86.5

Dividends received from associates and joint ventures

Dividends received from associates and joint ventures

2019

349

Dividends received from associates and joint ventures

2018

387

Dividends received from associates and joint ventures

Variation

(38)

Dividends received from associates and joint ventures

Variation

-9.8

Capital gains/losses

Capital gains/losses

2019

(508)

Capital gains/losses

2018

(1,014)

Capital gains/losses

Variation

506

Capital gains/losses

Variation

-49.9

Change in working capital

Change in working capital

2019

452

Change in working capital

2018

470

Change in working capital

Variation

(18)

Change in working capital

Variation

-3.8

Net cash flow from operations

Net cash flow from operations

2019

15,520

Net cash flow from operations

2018

14,464

Net cash flow from operations

Variation

1,056

Net cash flow from operations

Variation

+7.3

Net financial expenses disbursed

Net financial expenses disbursed

2019

(798)

Net financial expenses disbursed

2018

(1,048)

Net financial expenses disbursed

Variation

250

Net financial expenses disbursed

Variation

-23.9

Income taxes paid

Income taxes paid

2019

(922)

Income taxes paid

2018

(309)

Income taxes paid

Variation

(613)

Income taxes paid

Variation

n.a.

NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING OPERATING ACTIVITIESNET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING OPERATING ACTIVITIES201913,800NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING OPERATING ACTIVITIES201813,107NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING OPERATING ACTIVITIESVariation693NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING OPERATING ACTIVITIESVariation+5.3
NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONSNET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS2019222NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS2018257NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONSVariation(35)NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONSVariation-13.6
NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIESNET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES201914,022NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES201813,364NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIESVariation658NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIESVariation+4.9

n.a : not applicable.
(1)The financial statements at 31 December 2019 apply IFRS 16 from 1 January 2019 (see note 2.1 to the 2019 consolidated financial statements).
(2)The published figures for 2018 have been restated due to the impact of presenting the E&P operations as discontinued operations.

The net cash flow from operating activities amounted to €14,022 million in 2019, up by €658 million from 2018.

This change primarily reflects a €1,056 million increase in the net cash flow from continuing operating activities, resulting from:

  • the change in the income before taxes of consolidated companies after correction for impairment, depreciation, provisions and changes in fair value, which totalled €15,130 million in 2019 compared to €13,903 million in 2018, with an increase of €1,227 million;
  • the lower financial expenses (-€621 million compared to 2018);
  • a decrease in capital gains (+€506 million), essentially reflecting the lower level of gains in 2019 (mainly resulting from the sale of NnG in renewable energies) compared to 2018 (when they mainly concerned sales of real estate and Dunkerque LNG).

5.1.5.1.2 Net cash flow used in investing activities

The net cash outflow for investing activities in 2019 amounted to €15,650 million, compared to €17,165 million in 2018. The following table sets forth the breakdown of the net cash flow used in investing activities between purchases and disposals of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, acquisitions and disposals of companies net of cash acquired/transferred, and the change in financial assets:

(in millions of euros)20192018VariationVariation
Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

2019

(16,709)

Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

2018

(16,016)

Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Variation

(693)

Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Variation

+4.3

Net proceeds from sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Net proceeds from sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

2019

94

Net proceeds from sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

2018

577

Net proceeds from sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Variation

(483)

Net proceeds from sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Variation

-83.7

Net capexNet capex2019(16,615)Net capex2018(15,439)Net capexVariation(1,176)Net capexVariation+7.6
Acquisitions of equity investments, net of cash acquired

Acquisitions of equity investments, net of cash acquired

2019

(456)

Acquisitions of equity investments, net of cash acquired

2018

(484)

Acquisitions of equity investments, net of cash acquired

Variation

28

Acquisitions of equity investments, net of cash acquired

Variation

-5.8

Disposals of equity investments, net of cash transferred

Disposals of equity investments, net of cash transferred

2019

293

Disposals of equity investments, net of cash transferred

2018

1,261

Disposals of equity investments, net of cash transferred

Variation

(968)

Disposals of equity investments, net of cash transferred

Variation

-76.8

Changes in financial assets

Changes in financial assets

2019

1,294

Changes in financial assets

2018

(2,367)

Changes in financial assets

Variation

3,661

Changes in financial assets

Variation

n.a.

NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING INVESTING ACTIVITIESNET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING INVESTING ACTIVITIES2019(15,484)NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING INVESTING ACTIVITIES2018(17,029)NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING INVESTING ACTIVITIESVariation1,545NET CASH FLOW FROM CONTINUING INVESTING ACTIVITIESVariation-9.1
NET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONSNET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS2019(166)NET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS2018(136)NET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONSVariation(30)NET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES RELATING TO DISCONTINUED OPERATIONSVariation+22.1
NET CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIESNET CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES2019(15,650)NET CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES2018(17,165)NET CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIESVariation1,515NET CASH FLOW USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIESVariation-8.8

n.a: not applicable.
(1) The financial statements at 31 December 2019 apply IFRS 16 from 1 January 2019 (see note 2.1 to the 2019 consolidated financial statements).
(2) The published figures for 2018 have been restated due to the impact of presenting the E&P operations as discontinued operations.