Increase of heatwaves and droughts

Production Drop in nuclear production due to heat sink, low water flow for dams in southern countries, accelerated wearing of materials Transmission and Distribution Drop in network capacity, fire risk All business lines Rise in the cost of insurance, deterioration of working conditions for employees and service providers.

Increase of strong wind events, storms, tornados and floods

Production Slow-down or potential temporary halt of production facilities, impacts of higher flood waters Transmission and Distribution Power cut offs.

Increase of average temperaturesIncrease of sea levels

Production Change and drop in hydropower production, decreased yield of nuclear and thermal power facilities, risk of submersion of infrastructures on seacoasts (particularly island regions). Proliferation of organisms that plug water intake, risk of microbial growth in cooling circuits. Transmission and Distribution Diminished capacity of transmission lines Sales and marketing Drop in heating demand Increase in air-conditioning demand.

Climate-related litigation

Risk of cancellation of licences, risk of litigation following exceptional climatic events, risk of litigation related to EDF group publications, particularly as regards the duty of care.

Tension over uses of water

Risk involved in the sharing of water resources due to multiple uses and multiple stakeholders in a context of increasing water scarcity situations.

Tension over access to land and use of soils

Risk involved in the necessary land resources for renewable energy due to restrictive regulations (biodiversity, agricultural lands) and the legitimacy of sharing with numerous stakeholders.

Political difficulties to achieve the objectives of the Paris Agreement

Opportunity As a low-carbon leader, the EDF group is called on to play a key role in decarbonisation of the European economy.

Change in customer expectations

Opportunity Increased demands of own consumption, energy efficiency, electric mobility, green deals and low-carbon.

Change in uses of electricity

Opportunity Decarbonised electricity is recognised as an indispensable means to deliver decarbonisation to the economy.

Stability and security of electricity networks

Risk/Opportunity Risk of instability to the system in case of a high penetration rate of renewable energies, Key role of nuclear energy usable together with renewable energies to ensure stability of the network.

Transition technologies

Risk/Opportunity Potential emergence of technologies such as CCSU, thermal solar, small modular reactors, storage or in the area of negative emissions.

Access to competitive financing

Risk/Opportunity Risk in case of European taxonomy having an impact technologicallyOpportunity to provide the EDF group with sustainable financing (Green Bonds, positive incentive loans).

Stranded assets

Risk of stranded thermal assets after regulatory changes or carbon price increase.